Estimation de l'âge au décès à partir de la 4ième côte

Dix observateurs ont évalué à la qualité de l'observation des variables sur lesquelles est fondée la méthode d'Iscan sur un échantillon de 59 4ième côtes droites de sujets masculins. Les résultats ont montré une pauvre reproductibilité et répétabilité de leur observation (test de Wilcoxon, coefficient Kappa) et mis en évidence les problèmes de la méthode. Une analyse mathématique géométrique et harmonique (FFT, descripteurs de Fourrier), ainsi qu'une sériation visuelle ont ensuite été réalisées sur un échantillon de 415 4ième côtes de sujets masculins. Les nouvelles variables objectivées ont permis de préciser la métamorphose de la 4ième côte avec l'âge et de poser les bases d'une nouvelle méthode.Ten observers estimated the quality of the observation of the variables on which is based the Iscan’s method on a sample of 59 4th ribs harvested from males. Results showed poor reproducibility and repeatability for all three variables (Wilcoxon test, kappa-coefficient) and revealed problems in the method. A geometrical and harmonic mathematical analysis (Fast Fourier Transform, Fourier’s descriptors) and visual description was then provided on a sample of 415 4th ribs harvested from males. Then new objectivised variables allowed to clarify the metamorphosis of the 4th rib with the age and to give the bases for a new method

Magnetised accretion discs in Kerr spacetimes

We study the effect caused by external magnetic fields on the observed thermal spectra and iron line profiles of thin accretion discs formed around Kerr black holes and naked singularities. We aim to provide a tool that can be used to estimate the presence of magnetic fields in the neighbourhood of a compact object and to probe the cosmic censorship conjecture in these particular astrophysical environments. We developed a numerical scheme able to calculate thermal spectra of magnetised Page-Thorne accretion discs formed around rotating black holes and naked singularities as seen by an arbitrary distant observer. We incorporated two different magnetic field configurations: uniform and dipolar, using a perturbative scheme in the coupling constant between matter and magnetic field strength. Under the same assumptions, we obtained observed synthetic line profiles of the 6.4 keV fluorescent iron line. We show that an external magnetic field produces potentially observable modifications on the thermal energy spectrum and the fluorescent iron line profile. Thermal energy spectra of naked singularities are harder and brighter than those from black holes, and in addition, peak and cut-off energies are affected by the external magnetic field. Moreover, iron line profiles of slowly rotating black holes suffer more changes by a uniform magnetic field, while nearly extremal black holes and naked singularities are more altered in the dipolar case. Based on our calculations, we discard the possibility of modelling the archetypal black-hole candidate in Cygnus X-1 as a naked singularity. Comparison of our models with observational data can be used to probe the cosmic censorship conjecture and to estimate the existence and global geometry of magnetic fields around compact objects by fitting the thermal energy spectra and iron line profiles of X-ray binaries.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic

Intoxication par le laurier rose (à propos d'un cas)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Estimation de l'âge au décès à partir de la 4ième côte

TOULOUSE3-BU Sciences (315552104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Intérêt en France d'une meilleure gestion des fiches cliniques ante mortem dans le cadre d'une identification médico-légale par l'odontologie

LYON1-BU Santé Odontologie (693882213) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Les projectiles toxiques antipersonnel modernes

Au printemps 1944, Kurt Von Gottberg, le chef de la police SS à Minsk, fut blessé par balles par deux agents soviétiques. Bien que légèrement touché, il mourra 6 heures plus tard. Les balles utilisées étaient creuses et contenaient une substance cristalline. Ces balles de 4 g, semi-chemisées en cupronickel, renfermaient 28 mg de nitrate d’aconitine, plus tard connu sous l’appellation de akonitinnitratgeschosse. La SIPO (SIcherheits POlizei) ordonna alors la production de balles Parabellum de 9 mm contenant du Ditran, un anticholinergique aux propriétés hallucinogènes provoquant une confusion mentale intense. Plus tard, le QNB (codé BZ par l’OTAN) sera produit. Saddam Hussein aurait utilisé cette molécule (codé agent 15) contre les Kurdes d’Iraq. Les forces serbes disposaient aussi de telles munitions et auraient été utilisées lors du conflit bosniaque, particulièrement à Srebrenica. Les auteurs poursuivent leur exposé par les armes déployées lors de la guerre froide et développées pour le compte du KGB afin d’éliminer discrètement les opposants au régime réfugiés à l’Ouest. Ces armes incluent le lanceur PSZh-13, le pistolet séquentiel Troïka et l’ingénieux dispositif de lancement 4-S110T à piston captif mis au point par Stechkin. Dissimulé sous l’apparence d’un paquet à cigarettes, il pouvait projeter silencieusement une charge de cyanure de potassium. Enfin, le célèbre parapluie empoisonné pouvant injecter une bille remplie de ricine (ou une autre phytalbumine de toxicité identique telle que abrine ou curcine) est présenté à l’occasion de l’assassinat du dissident bulgare Georgi Markov le 7 septembre 1978. Lors de l’autopsie, la découverte d’un projectile ayant éclaté en 4 ou 5 morceaux doit immédiatement alerter le médecin légiste sur l’éventualité d’une munition toxique. Le toxicologue doit s’attacher en premier lieu à la détection de l’aconitine, du cyanure, du suxaméthonium, du ditran du BZ ou d’une phytalbumine toxique. L’emploi de telles armes doit faire suspecter une organisation puissante telle que les services de renseignements gouvernementaux, l’armée ou un groupe terroriste. L’existence actuelle du lanceur pyroliquide russe UDAR montre bien que ces armes n’ont pas disparu. Il ne serait notamment pas très difficile de produire artisanalement une charge au cyanure adaptée à partir des charges civiles ou militaires existantes

Hubless 3D medical image bundle registration

International audienceWe propose a hubless medical image registration scheme, able to conjointly register massive amounts of images. Exploiting 3D points of interest combined with global optimization, our algorithm allows partial matches, does not need any prior information (full body image as a central patient model) and exhibits very good robustness by exploiting inter-volume relationships. We show the efficiency of our approach with the rigid registration of 400 CT volumes, and we provide an eye-detection application as a first step to patient image anonymization

History, practical aspects and contemporary research on witness and victim interviewing in France

International audienc

A non-randomized pilot trial of the use of prazosin in the prevention of transition from acute stress disorder to post-traumatic stress disorder

ABSTRACTBackground: Following a traumatic event, 40–80% of the patients with acute stress disorder (ASD) will develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 67% at 6 months. Alpha1-blockers are effective in treating some symptoms of PTSD but their usefulness in acute stress situations remains unclear. We hypothesized that reducing noradrenergic hyperactivity with an alpha1-blocker during the acute phase after a traumatic event could prevent the transition to PTSD in patients with ASD.Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of a 1-month course of alpha1-blocker (prazosin) to prevent the transition to PTSD in patients with ASD at 6 months.Method: In a monocentric open-label prospective pilot study, 15 patients with ASD were included within 3–7 days of exposure to a traumatic event. After enrolment, they received prazosin LP at home at bedtime at 2.5 mg/day for 7 days and then 5 mg/day for 21 days. Incidence of PTSD was assessed at 6 months using the Clinician Administrated PTSD Scale (CAPS).Results: At 6 months, 22% of patients who completed the study (2/9) met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD. This rate was significantly lower than that observed in previous studies (67%; p = .047). The treatment was well tolerated and there were no serious adverse events.Conclusions: These preliminary findings indicating the safety of prazosin and suggesting its potential to prevent the development of PTSD in ASD require to be replicated in large-scale randomized placebo-controlled studies.Trial registration: The study was pre-registered on a public database (www.clinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03045016)

Hubless keypoint-based 3D deformable groupwise registration

International audienceWe present a novel deformable groupwise registration method, applied to large 3D image groups. Our approach extracts 3D SURF keypoints from images, computes matched pairs of keypoints and registers the group by minimizing pair distances in a hubless way i.e. without computing any central mean image. Using keypoints significantly reduces the problem complexity compared to voxel-based approaches, and enables us to provide an in-core global optimization, similar to the Bundle Adjustment for 3D reconstruction. As we aim at registering images of different patients, the matching step yields many outliers. Then we propose a new EM-weighting algorithm which efficiently discards outliers. Global optimization is carried out with a fast gradient descent algorithm. This allows our approach to robustly register large datasets. The result is a set of half transforms which link the volumes together and can be subsequently exploited for computational anatomy, landmark detection or image segmentation. We show experimental results on whole-body CT scans, with groups of up to 103 volumes. On a benchmark based on anatomical landmarks, our algorithm compares favorably with the star-groupwise voxel-based ANTs and NiftyReg approaches while being much faster. We also discuss the limitations of our approach for lower resolution images such as brain MRI